STORIES
The Walrus Hunt
Walrus hunting in kayaks among the floating ice must
sometimeproceed in the winter darkness or in a condition
known as "whiteout" when atmospheric conditons turn the sky
into a virtual mirror of the snow and ice below and
orientation becomes difficult. At these times, women on
shore blow a large horn made from a giant narwhal's
hollowed tusk and chant to give directional orientation to
the hunters.
Winter had almost arrived, for the wind had a more
pronounced bite in itsinsistence. The noonday sun sat
momentarily on the horizon before hastening back into the
icy waters. Floating on the rising winds, the sounds of the
narwhal horn and chanting combined to give assurance to the
Eskimo hunters. The paddling of the kayak was smooth and
steady. Not much light was left and a sleeping walrus could
easily hide in the deep shadowed recesses of the floating
icebergs.
But wait! There, on the ice... yes, a walrus! A happy but
silentdiscovery. The sling-like harpoon was removed from
its leather container and spun rapidly around over the
hunter's head until sufficient speed was reached to send it
zooming toward its unsuspecting prey. The walrus was hit.
Cheers rang out from the men as they all paddled toward the
animal which had plunged into the icy sea; but the water
offered no protection as the Eskimo men reached for their
whale bone clubs and bludgeoned the creature. The walrus
floated quietly in the water and the kayaks moved on in
search of other sleeping prey.
Birth
Since the most important person in the Eskimo community is
thehunter, and since hunters are always male, female
infants are ritually killed if there is no infant male who
will someday need a mate to cook, sew, and chew leather for
him. This social condition adds to the drama of birth.
The pains were coming in regular intervals and she knew
that if she didn'tstart moving now, her legs might collapse
under her before she could reach the ice cave. The
ceremonial band was already playing birth music and the
other women sang in an attempt to comfort her. But as her
steps carried her toward the ice cave and the ceremonial
band's music became lost in the wind. the true lonliness of
her situation loomed even larger in her mind. The gaping
mouth of the ice cave eagerly awaited. And although she
felt fear, she knew the cave also offered relief from her
quickening pains, for this journey had been made many times
before.
Her pace remained unchanged as she entered the cave, which
now enlargedbefore her and engulfed her in the sweet music
of slowly moving ice vibrating within its own cristaline
formations. Deeper into the cave she went. The men were
playing the kooa and chanting for the birth of a male.
Finally she reached the furthest chamber where stood the
Angakok. Deliverybegan immediately as the magic man filled
the room with protective prayers. The child was born. The
Eskimo woman reached forth with her hand, gently across the
already frozen crust on the infant's belly to feel the
child's sex; the other women came into the chamber singing
the song of life and bore the infant away.
IF A GOOD HUNTER DIES, THE OTHER MEN CUT HIM UP AND RUB
THEPIECES ON THEIR SPEARHEADS TO IMPROVE THEIR AIM.
BATHING IS DONE IN URINE.
ESKIMOS EAT ONLY MEAT, INCLUDING ROTTEN WALRUS, WHICH IS
SAID TOTASTE LIKE CHEESE.
Arctic Hysteria
Arctic hysteria is a phenomenon that occurs in the dead of
winter,primarily to women. The weeks of darkness and
general sensory deprivation lead to the eventual temporary
loss of a firm touch with reality.
Darkness prevailed everywhere. Beside her igloo, a woman
sat in the windsinging softly to herself while beating the
snow from her husband's seal fur clothing. Her voice and
mind drifted with the soft tones of the nearby kooa player.
Her song was about her work, but her unfocused eyes
revealed a growing distance. The darkness seemed to confine
her, and the singing voice seemed not to be her own.
The realization struck! "I am dead, or at least the others
believe I am",she thought. Already she hears the pounding
of the tribe's hands packing down the snow on her icy grave
as they sing their song of farewell. The rhythm of death
sounds in her ears.
She feels cold no more as her worst fears are realized. She
has been sentto the "Land of the Crestfallen", where only
the spirits of poor hunters and badly tatooed women spent
eternity snapping at butterflies. But wait! Even worse!
Instead of butterflies, the dreaded Arctic locust swarmed
into the evening air devouring all in their path.
The men in the tribe had become aware of the woman's
hysterical sufferingand joined in a circle to sing a chant
of releasement. "Chukaroq, chukaroq, chukaroq, ei", they
sang, until finally the woman once again returned to
beating the snow mindlessly from her husbands clothing,
virtually unaware of what had happened as her song of work
faded into the wind.
WOMEN CANNOT GO OUT IN MOONLIGHT. ESKIMOS BELIEVE THE MOON
ISMALE AND WILL IMPREGNATE WOMEN.
SOME NEWBORN INFANTS ARE KILLED SECRETLY, DRIED OUT, AND
PLACEDIN A BAG WHICH IS WORN BY A PERSON OR STUFFED INTO A
KAYAK NOSE. THIS IS SAID TO IMPROVE HUNTING.
A MENSTRUATING WOMAN IS NOT ALLOWED TO GO OUTSIDE WITHOUT
FIRSTBATHING IN THE URINE OF A CHILE.
The Angry Angakok
Angakoks, the Eskimo men of magic. are widely held as
symbols ofmortal power among the tribe, Stories of their
feats are very popular at tribal gatherings.
The whales whistled as the Eskimo tribe danced on and on to
the lively beatof the ceremonial band. For twenty days they
danced. And sang. And prayed. And still the ice floe hugged
the shore line preventing the Eskimos from being able to
kill their most valuable prey, the large migrating whale.
Anger had been building in the people towards the Angakok
who allegedly had the power to remove the ice that was
blocking their passage. Finally a hunter challenged the
magic of the Angakok with hostile words, and others soon
joined him in the traditional taunt of "necki, necki,
necki", until the Angakok rose up before them and silenced
them with a single cry. A spell escaped from his lips and
the sky darkened. A curse slipped from his finger and the
seas swelled. The ice was cracking at last. But that dull
roar?? The Eskimos looked at one another with fear in their
weathered faces. Then it appeared. A "giant snake which
stands on the water" wiggled before them with its head in
the clouds. They briefly watched it eat a path through the
ice floe, then hysterically ran for safety. But the water
spout had one more job to do. The hunter who challenged the
Angakok's magic was never seen again.
IF AN ANGAKOK IS MURDERED, IN ORDER TO PROTECT HIMSELF FROM
ITSSPIRIT, THE MURDERER CUTS OFF THE ANGAKOK'S TOES AND
FINGERS AND PUTS THEM IN THE DEAD MAN'S MOUTH.
DEAD CHILDREN ARE BURIED WITH A DOG'S HEAD TO PROTECT THE
CHILDIN THE AFTERLIFE.
IF CATASTROPHE IS IMMINENT, ALL IN THE SETTLEMENT EXCHANGE
WIVESIN ORDER TO CONFUSE THE EVIL SPIRITS.
ESKIMOS HAVE WORDS FOR 40 VARIETIES OF SNOW.
A Spirit Steals a Child
One of the many strange Eskimo phenomena is the
disappearance ofchildren. In such inclumate conditions one
can easily understand how this can happen. However, Eskimo
mythology speaks of children being stolen by the spirit of
the weeping seal, which is half seal and half woman, and
who, because she can have no children, must steal any she
finds unguarded.
Pop! the bladders went. Hunting season had been good and
there were manybladders to burst. The band played
gleefully, eager to get to the next peak in the music so
all could explore the inflated bladders the creatures which
had fed and clothed the Eskimos all year. Finally, the
music ended and everyone immediately ran toward the sea,
eager to throw the burst bladders through a hole in the ice
so the souls of the animals could return to the sea and be
caught again next year.
Because of the excitement, an important Eskimo rule has
been broken. Achild was left unattended. Tears froze on his
cheeks as he stood crying behind an igloo. Suddenly, there
was another sound in the wind. A whistle, a bark,. a
growling whine filled the air around the terrified child,
whirling him around in a flurry of ice.
The Eskimo soon returned to discover that the child was
missing, andrealized the folly of their over-excitement at
the bladder festival. The Angakok started a chant to halt
the fleeing spirit, but he knew the chant would only delay
the spirit of the Weeping Seal's complete takeover of the
child. They would have to go to "the world beneath the
world" and fight.
Several dog sleds sped away across the tundra, whips
cracking at the barking dogs. On the lead sled the child's
father and the Angakok crouched, defending themselves
against the blast of Arctic wind. The ride was long and
tiring.
As they neared their destination, the men sang a chant and
the Angakok spokea spell. A dog which was brought before
him was decapitated, and the head, still containing the dog
spirit, was quickly taken down to the neather world, while
the other dogs, smelling the blood fo their own kind,
howled into the cold night. The Angakok raised the god head
into the air and called forth its spirit to battlethe
Weeping Seal and force it to return the stolen child.
The two spirits met and intertwined in the air. With the
Northern Lightsthey danced and sang, and then they
disappeared slowly as the men returned to their village in
hopes that the child would be there.
The Festival of Death
Perhaps no holiday is more important to the Eskimo than the
DeathFestival. More than a tribute to the dead, this
festival marks the beginning of the yearly cycle by being
held at the end of the six month Eskimo night.
Something moved in the dark. A face as tall as a man -- a
big, round,evil face wandered at random. More faces and the
realization: the dead walk the snow. Whistling and
chanting, "We have stolen the sun and you will have to live
in darkness".
But the women of the ribe, who were hiding in their igloos,
then rushed outshrieking and beating their chests,
proclaiming their right as the source of life. The dead
spirits were frightened by the women and fled into the
darkness. As the Eskimo band picked up their song, the
women gathered in a circle, symbolizing nature's golden
orb, and sang a hymn asking the dead to return the sun to
the mothers of the snow.
The men, having removed their "dead spirit" masks, joined
the women infestive songs and hand-clapping games until, at
last, the first rays of sunlight of the Eskimo year began
to appear over the horizon, signaling the end of six months
of winter darkness. Gratefully, the dead had released their
hold once more.
Epilogue
All the stories on this recording are expressed in the past
tense,This is because the Eskimo, particularly the Polar
Eskimo on which this album is based, was "rescued" from its
"miserable" life style by welfare in the late sixties. The
Polar Eskimo has been relocated entirely into government
housing, and now spends most of the day watching reruns on
TV.
ESKIMO IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED TO N. SENADA WHO STARTED
THE WHOLE THING